نویسندگان:

¹گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

²گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده فارسی: استرس پدیده­ای است که رابطه آن با سلامت جسمانی و روان­شناختی از دیرباز شناخته شده است و عوامل استرس­زای روانی و مرتبط با سلامت با افزایش سن تشدید می­شوند. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش هوش معنوی، خوددلسوزی و سرسختی روان­شناختی در پیش­بینی استرس ادراک­شده­ سالمندان بود.روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعه­ آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه سالمندان شهرستان اردبیل در سال 1397 بودند که از بین آنها 120 نفر به روش نمونه­گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع­آوری اطلاعات شامل مقیاس استرس ادراک­شده کوهن، کامارک و مارملشتاین، مقیاس هوش معنوی کینگ، مقیاس دلسوزی به خود نف و سیاهه­ سرسختی روان­شناختی کوباسا، مدی و کان بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون همزمان ازطریقنرم­افزار آماری SPSS نسخه 21 انجام شد.نتایج نشان داد که استرس ادراک­شده­ در سالمندان با هوش معنوی، خوددلسوزی و سرسختی روان­شناختی رابطه­ منفی و معناداری دارد (05/0>P) و هوش معنوی، خوددلسوزی و سرسختی روان­شناختی 72 درصد از واریانس نمرات استرس ادراک­شده در­ سالمندان را پیش­بینی می­کنند (01/0>P).بنابراین با توجه به نقش هوش معنوی، خوددلسوزی و سرسختی روان­شناختی در استرس­ ادراک­شده، می­توان با آگاهی­سازی و به کارگیری تدابیری جهت توانمندسازی سالمندان در این زمینه­ ها، استرس ادراک­شده را در آنان کاهش داد.

Perceived Stress in the Elderly: The Role of Spiritual Intelligence, Self-Compassion, and Psychological Hardiness

English Abstract: Stress has been known as a phenomenon which is in relationship with physical and psychological health, and mental and health-related stressors are exacerbated with age. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness in predicting perceived stress in the elderly. It was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all the elderly in Ardabil, Iran in 2018, out of whom 120 were selected through convenience sampling. Data collection tools included Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein’s Perceived Stress Scale, King's Spiritual Intelligence Scale, Neff's Self-Compassion Scale, and Kobasa, Maddi and Kahan Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and regression analysis by SPSS 21. Perceived stress in elderly showed a negative significant relationship with spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness (p<0.05). Spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness predicted 72% of the variance in perceived stress scores in the elderly (p <0.01). Therefore, due to the effects of spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness on perceived stress, it can be reduced by raising awareness and employing measures to empower the elderly in these areas. Stress has been known as a phenomenon which is in relationship with physical and psychological health, and mental and health-related stressors are exacerbated with age. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness in predicting perceived stress in the elderly. It was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study included all the elderly in Ardabil, Iran in 2018, out of whom 120 were selected through convenience sampling. Data collection tools included Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein’s Perceived Stress Scale, King's Spiritual Intelligence Scale, Neff's Self-Compassion Scale, and Kobasa, Maddi and Kahan Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and regression analysisby SPSS 21. Perceived stress in elderly showed anegative significant relationship with spiritual intelligence, self-compassion,and psychological hardiness (p<0.05). Spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness predicted 72% of the variance in perceived stress scores in the elderly (p <0.01). Therefore, due to the effects of spiritual intelligence, self-compassion, and psychological hardiness on perceived stress, it can be reduced by raising awareness and employing measures to empower the elderly in these areas.