نویسندگان:

¹دکترای روان‌شناسی، عضو هیات علمی گروه روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده فارسی: تجارب آسیب‌زای دوران کودکی می‌توانند تأثیرات بلندمدتی بر ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و رفتارهای اجتماعی افراد داشته باشند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی روابط ساختاری بین تجارب آسیب‌زای دوران کودکی و ویژگی خودبزرگ‌بینی، با نقش میانجی قلدری سایبری در نوجوانان انجام شد. این پژوهش از نوع همبستگی با روش تحلیل مسیر بود. جامعه آماری شامل دانش‌آموزان مقاطع متوسطه اول و دوم ناحیه دو شهر تهران در سال تحصیلی ۱۴۰۳-۱۴۰۴ بود. نمونه‌ای به حجم ۳۹۰ نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای تصادفی انتخاب شد. ابزارهای گردآوری داده‌ها شامل پرسشنامۀ قلدری سایبری آنتیادو و همکاران (۲۱۰۶)، پرسشنامۀ ترومای دوران کودکی برنستاین و همکاران (۲۰۰۳) و مقیاس خودبزرگ‌بینی راسکین و تری (۱۹۸۸) بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای spss ۲۶ و Amose24  تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تجارب آسیب‌زای دوران کودکی تأثیر مستقیم و معناداری بر قلدری سایبری (β=.51) و خودبزرگ‌بینی (β=58.) دارد. همچنین، قلدری سایبری تأثیر مستقیم و معناداری بر خودبزرگ‌بینی (β=.71) داشت. نتایج تحلیل میانجی نشان داد که قلدری سایبری نقش میانجی معناداری در رابطه بین تجارب آسیب‌زای دوران کودکی و خودبزرگ‌بینی ایفا می‌کند (β=.58، P<.001). شاخص‌های برازش مدل (RMSEA=.063، CFI=.964) نشان‌دهنده تناسب مطلوب مدل بودند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که تجارب آسیب‌زای دوران کودکی می‌توانند از طریق افزایش رفتارهای قلدری سایبری، ویژگی خودبزرگ‌بینی را در نوجوانان تقویت کنند. این یافته‌ها بر اهمیت شناسایی و مداخلۀ زودهنگام در مورد تجارب آسیب‌زای دوران کودکی و طراحی برنامه‌های آموزشی و روان‌شناختی برای کاهش رفتارهای قلدری سایبری تأکید دارند.

Structural Relationships Between Narcissism and Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Mediating Role of Cyberbullying in Adolescents

English Abstract: This study investigates the structural relationships between narcissism and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), examining the mediating role of cyberbullying among adolescents in Tehran, Iran. Based on developmental and compensatory behavioral theories, the research explores how early trauma may influence narcissistic traits through digital aggression. A total of 390 students were selected via cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the CBVEQ, CTQ, and NPI-16 questionnaires, and analyzed using SEM in SPSS 26 and AMOS 24. Results indicated significant direct effects of ACEs on cyberbullying and narcissism, with cyberbullying also significantly mediating this relationship. The findings emphasize the psychological impacts of childhood trauma on adolescent digital behavior and the emergence of narcissism. Introduction The rapid advancement of digital communication has transformed adolescent social interaction, introducing new risks, notably cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is a form of digital aggression that can lead to serious psychological and behavioral consequences. Adolescents are especially susceptible to both perpetrating and experiencing cyberbullying, given their developmental stage and frequent online presence. Recent studies highlight how personality traits, particularly narcissism, and early adverse experiences may influence engagement in cyberbullying. Narcissism, characterized by grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, may partly emerge as a defense mechanism against unresolved childhood trauma. The concept of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) encompasses various forms of abuse and neglect that may disrupt healthy emotional development. The present study explores the structural relationship between ACEs and narcissistic traits, considering cyberbullying as a mediating factor. It builds upon theories of attachment, developmental psychopathology, and compensatory behaviors to explain how emotional deprivation or trauma in early life may lead to maladaptive social and digital behaviors in adolescence. Methodology This study employed a correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included junior and senior high school students in District 2 of Tehran during the 2023–2024 academic year. A sample of 390 students was selected using cluster random sampling. Data were collected using three validated questionnaires: Cyber Bullying/Victimization Experiences Questionnaire (CBVEQ) (Antoniadou et al., 2016) for cyberbullying behaviors Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein et al., 2003) to assess emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and neglect Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16) (Ames et al., 2006) to measure narcissistic traits Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24. Structural equation modeling was applied to test both direct and indirect effects among the constructs. Results SEM analysis revealed the following key results: Direct effects: ACEs had a significant positive effect on cyberbullying (β = 0.51) and narcissistic traits (β = 0.58). Cyberbullying also significantly influenced narcissism (β = 0.71). Mediation: Cyberbullying significantly mediated the relationship between ACEs and narcissism (β = 0.58, p < .001). Model fit: The model showed acceptable fit indices (RMSEA = 0.063, CFI = 0.964), confirming the hypothesized structure. These findings suggest that adolescents with higher exposure to childhood trauma are more likely to develop narcissistic tendencies and engage in cyberbullying. Specifically, emotional and physical neglect and abuse were identified as stronger predictors. The results imply that cyberbullying can act as a coping or compensatory mechanism for adolescents dealing with unresolved emotional pain stemming from early-life adversity. Discussion and conclusion The study aligns with prior research demonstrating the long-term psychological effects of adverse childhood experiences on personality development and behavior. Narcissism may emerge as a maladaptive self-protection strategy, enabling adolescents to assert control and seek validation through digital platforms. Cyberbullying, in turn, becomes a means to express unresolved aggression or a cry for attention and dominance in an anonymous online environment. Understanding the link between ACEs, narcissism, and cyberbullying provides critical insight into how unresolved emotional issues shape adolescent behavior. This underscores the necessity for multi-level interventions: Preventive strategies in schools to foster emotional resilience and conflict resolution Parental education programs to reduce abuse and neglect Digital literacy initiatives that address empathy, respect, and healthy online communication Future studies should adopt longitudinal approaches to better establish causal pathways and explore additional variables such as gender, socioeconomic status, and parental attachment. Addressing childhood trauma early and offering healthy coping strategies could significantly reduce the prevalence of both narcissistic traits and cyberbullying behaviors among youth.