نویسندگان:

¹دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات زنان دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده فارسی: جهانی‌سازی ارزش‌های مدرنیته ذیل اندیشه‌های غرب با تغییر در بافت گفتمانی ساختار نظام دینی و اجتماعی‌‌‌‌‌‌ موجب پدید آمدن بحران و تحولات عمیقی در تمامی عرصه‌ها ازجمله ارزش‌های اخلاقی و فرهنگی در بستر خانواده شد. در این رویه با پیشرانی ترتیبات نهادی ذیل دولت‌سازی مدرن و توسعۀ فناوری در عرصه‌های گوناگون‌‌‌‌‌‌، معروف‌های جهانی ‌جایگزین ارزش‌های اخلاقی و کارکردهای سنتی خانواده شد. در این فضا، اندیشمندان اسلامی برای یافتن هویت خانواده در بستر دینی و بومی‌‌‌‌‌‌، رهایی از پیامدهای استعمار نوی فرهنگی در عرصۀ خانواده‌‌‌‌‌‌ و بازتولید فرهنگ دینی و بومی به توسعۀ ایدۀ مقاومت از عرصه‌های سیاسی و اجتماعی به حیطۀ خانواده روی آوردند. این ایده با نفی رویکرد تمدنی و آکادمیسم غربی، مشروعیت اصول و ارزش‌های مدرنیتۀ غربی به عنوان معیار تحول خانواده و اجتماع را به چالش می‌کشد. ازآنجایی‌که ایدۀ مقاومت در بستر خانواده و ارزش‌های اخلاقی، مفهومی انتزاعی و نوظهور در این عرصه است‌‌‌‌‌‌، تلاش این مطالعه نه با هدف مرئی‌سازی ادراکات از آنچه بوده است‌‌‌‌‌‌، بلکه به دنبال ساختاربندی مفاهیم و بدیل‌های مدنظر اندیشمندان صاحب ایدۀ مقاومت‌‌‌‌‌‌ با هدف افق‌گشایی در زمینۀ حل معضل جهانی‌شدن ارزش‌های مدرن و استحالۀ خانوادۀ ‌ایرانی - اسلامی است. بدین منظور این مطالعه با بهره‌گیری از روش پدیدارنگاری و بر اساس تحلیل مصاحبه‌های صورت‌گرفته با پانزده تن از نخبگان حوزۀ خانواده‌‌‌‌‌‌، در صدد بازنمایی ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های پدیدۀ مقاومت در خانواده برآمده است. داده‌های حاصل از تحلیل در طبقات توصیفی چهارگانه (مختصات صحنۀ درگیری‌‌‌‌‌‌، مختصات عناصر صحنۀ درگیری‌‌‌‌‌‌، مختصات مقاومت‌‌‌‌‌‌، کنش‌ها و ابزارهای مقاومت) ذیل یک افق ادراکی مشترک (فراگیری) احصا شدند.

Conceptualization of Moral Resistance by Thinkers in the Field of Family Encountering Emerging Threats: A Phenomenological Approach

English Abstract: Over the past century, the family—amid the dynamics of modernity and the social and ethical transformations brought about by the expansion of modern demands and possibilities—has encountered numerous challenges. Indeed, the pervasive adoption of modern structures has redirected the trajectory of moral values that had long been institutionalized across societies, placing the family at a crossroads: either to acquiesce to the prevailing conditions or to resist global transformations in order to preserve the ethical values historically transmitted through generations within the familial framework.  At this critical juncture, paying attention to religious thought centered on the active family offers alternatives and desirable pathways through the lens of family moral resistance—aimed at overcoming the current erosion of family ethics and safeguarding moral integrity for future generations. However, it must be emphasized that "resistance" at the core of this discourse is a complex and contested concept, not easily definable. In engaging with it, we confront a dense network of interrelated concepts and theoretical frameworks. "Resistance" generates significant ambiguity in both definition and application—not only because it belongs to the realm of abstract terminology with limited tangible manifestations, but also because nearly every intellectual current, paradigm, or even subjective interpretation tends to project its own objectives onto this term. Therefore, a precise articulation of the concepts, issues, priorities, objectives, and actors inherent in the idea of moral resistance must be formulated. To achieve this, an interpretive approach to the intellectual field active in this domain is required. Among qualitative research methodologies, phenomenology, grounded in the interpretive paradigm, has been identified as the most suitable method for capturing this conceptual configuration. This is because phenomenology is concerned with the description of how phenomena appear—that is, with rendering visible and describing the diverse ways in which a phenomenon manifests itself to different individuals.  Ultimately, the outcome of this phenomenological study—conducted through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 15 intellectuals and scholars specializing in family affairs—is presented in the form of descriptive themes, each representing a distinct and particular understanding of the single phenomenon under investigation. Collectively, these descriptive themes constitute a comprehensive, multi-dimensional portrayal of the phenomenon of family resistance. Through this process, a fourfold typology of descriptive themes was developed, reflecting the varied and subjective conceptualizations of moral resistance held by Islamic intellectuals in the field of family studies: First Theme, Resistance Based on the Recognition of the “Coordinates of the Conflict Arena”: Resistance is contingent upon a clear understanding of the field in which it unfolds. The persistence of a threat-laden context emerges as a foundational condition shaping all other components and descriptive layers of resistance. A lack of awareness regarding the realities of human existence, coupled with the neglect of conflict as an inherent dimension of the material world, impedes the precise identification of the nature, power, structure, and agency of the threatening force. Without such insight, it becomes impossible to determine the actual needs of the field for the formulation of both theoretical and practical resistance strategies. Second Theme: Resistance Based on the Recognition of the “Coordinates of the Conflict Parties”: The internal horizon—the “coordinates of the conflicting parties”—reveals that an accurate conceptual framework of resistance requires a clear demarcation between the agent of transformation (the threat) and the agent of resistance (the threatened), as the two opposing actors in the conflict. Consequently, any action-oriented, instrumentally grounded analysis or proposal must be preceded by the identification of the environment and the key actors within this conceptual network. Third Theme: Resistance Based on the Recognition of the “Coordinates of Resistance Itself”:From the perspective of intellectuals in the family domain, engaging with the transformative dimensions of modernity and the public sphere in which these transformations occur leads to the structural articulation of a conceptual network of resistance. Achieving this structure depends on defining new coordinates of resistance—from theory to practice—based on the insights gathered in the previous layers, including the precise mapping of the conflict arena, the identities of the conflicting parties, and the nature of the threat. Fourth Theme: Resistance Based on the Recognition of “Actions and Instruments”: Western rationality has strategically employed the interactive relationship among three elements—theory, practice (action), and instrument—to maximize the expansion of modern thought. Within this paradigm, the stability and clarity of the theoretical framework depend on precision and strength in both the domain of action and the tools of implementation, ensuring the operationalization of ideas and the extension of influence. The phenomenon of resistance, if it fails to simultaneously engage all three components and overlooks the mechanisms of translating ideas into practice, will lose its effectiveness, reach, and constructive capacity. Ultimately, a unifying cognitive horizon—identified throughout the study under the theme of "comprehensiveness"—emerges as the most significant common ground between religious and specialized discourses on resistance in the family domain. This horizon indicates that resistance within the family sphere is not isolated but unfolds through the broader recognition and operationalization of resistance within the larger context of human existence. Given that modernity, operating through the Western civilizational logic of "totalizing ambition" and "grand-scale expansion" (see Kachouiyan, 1399), has systematically extended its reach into both public and private spheres, resistance must necessarily adopt a civilizational reorientation—one that is comprehensive and all-encompassing. Only through such a holistic approach can the values and functions of religious and indigenous societies be preserved and sustained.