نویسندگان:

¹کارشناسی ارشد گروه روانشناسی، واحد ارسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارسنجان، ایران

چکیده فارسی: حوزة «مادری/ اشتغال» به همزمانی نقش­های مادری و شغلی برای زنان اشاره دارد که از جهات مختلفی قابل تأمل و نیازمند تدبیر و مدیریت است. تدابیر حاکمیت در راستای تسهیل این امر، تحت مقولة «سیاست اجتماعی» که از ابزار مدیریت مخاطرات اجتماعی و پاسخ به نیازهای گروه­های خاص می­باشد قابل تحقق است. این پژوهش با هدف فهم تحولات و الگوهای حاکم بر سیاست­های اجتماعی در حوزة «مادری/ اشتغال»، با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام شده است. مهمترین نتایج این پژوهش عبارت است از:1- سیاست­گذاری ایران در چهار دهة اخیر به دلیل تغییر تسهیلات ارائه شده بر اساس تعداد فرزندان، از مهمترین ابزارهای تنظیم جمعیت به شمار رفته است. 2- سیاست­گذاری در این حوزه، تأخیری و پسینی بوده است. 3- در سیاست­های تسهیلی ایران خدماتی در راستای حمایت از شیردهی طبیعی مادران شاغل اختصاص داده شده است. اما افزایش گرایش به مصرف شیرخشک و ارتباط آن با سیاست­گذاری تسهیل مادری، می­تواند نشان­دهندة عدم اجرای مطلوب سیاست­های مربوطه باشد. 4- برخی از تحولات نوشتاری خدمت پاره­وقت، از کفایت آن کاسته است. 5- الگوهای سیاست­گذاری ایران در شاخص­های «جمعیت» و «مراقبت»، چندوجهی، عمدتاً مستقیم و به سمت ترویج و تحکیم الگوی «مرد نان­آور/ زن مراقب» بوده است.

The Analysis of policy patterns and Iran's Social Policy naking changes in the field of "maternal / Employment"

English Abstract: The field of ‘Maternal employment’ refers to the simultaneity of maternal and occupational roles for women, which can be considered in many ways and requires management. Government policies in order to facilitate maternal employment are under the category of ‘social policy’ that is one of the tools in social risk management and is a response to the needs of specific groups. This research has been conducted with the aim of understanding the developments and patterns of social policies in the field of ‘maternal employment’ using qualitative content analysis method. The most important results of this research are: 1. the Iran policy in this field has been considered as one of the most important tools for population adjustment in the last four decades due to the change of facilities provided according to the number of children. 2. Policies in this area have been dilatory. 3. Facilitation policies in Iran provided services to protect employed mothers who breastfeed their child. However, increasing the tendency toward consumption of baby formula and its relationship with maternal facilitation policies could indicate a lack of proper implementation of relevant policies. 4. Patterns of policy making in Iran in ‘population’ and ‘care’ indicators, have been multifaceted and mainly towards the promotion and consolidation of the model of ‘breadwinner man/ caregiver woman’. The Field Of "Maternal / employment" refers to the simultaneous roles of motherhood and Employment for women that needs to devise and macro management. Government policies in order to facilitate this are under the category of "social policy" that is one of the tools in social risk management and respond to the needs of specific groups. This research is done in qualitative content analysis and is used thematic analysis technique.The population studied is all of the rules and regulations adopted by the competent authorities from Islamic Revolution to present. The results of this study are: 1. Iran's policy in the field of "Maternal / employment" was the most important adjustment tools population and culture of the rule of Iran's population in the past four decades, 2. The policy in this field was delays and late, 3. Flexibility and balance the politics with the leading groups in childbearing, lifestyle changes and technical advances, isُnt the adequacy and sufficiency, 4. The patterns of policies to suit of demographic trends, the process of privatization or outsourcing of the government and a change of government or the executive management of the country have different forms, in different periods.